甘蔗新品种及主栽品种对褐锈病抗性与Bru1基因分子检测

The aim of this study was to assess brown rust resistance of new sugarcane varieties bred in China and main cultivated varieties in sugarcane planting area, and screen the elite new brown rust resistant varieties for popularization and application in production. In total, 60 new varieties in the national regional test of new sugarcane varieties were tested in Kaiyuan and Lincang, and 34 main cultivated varieties were studied in Lincang, Puer, and Yuxi, Yunnan province, and Yizhou, Guangxi province, China, where the incidence of brown rust was particularly high. The resistance of these sugarcane varieties to brown rust was investigated under natural inoculation and molecular marker-assisted identification was used to detect the brown rust resistance gene Bru1. The results of field survey showed that 66 (70.21%) of the 94 new and main cultivated varieties were highly resistant to moderately resistant, and 28 (29.79%) were susceptible to highly susceptible. Molecular detection indicated that Bru1 gene was found among 54 (57.45%) of the 94 new and main cultivated varieties. Some main cultivated varieties that were currently planted across large areas such as Guitang 29, Guitang 44, Dezhe 03-83, Liucheng 03-1137, Yuetang 60, and Guitang 46 were highly susceptible to brown rust, and 31 new varieties such as Yuegan 48, Funong 09-2201, Guitang 08-120, Liucheng 09-15, Zhongzhe 1, Yunzhe 08-1609, Yunrui 10-187, and Zhongtang 1201 were resistant. Therefore, in the sugarcane planting areas with high incidence of brown rust and wet and rainy climates, more effort should be eliminated the main susceptible varieties and promoted the application of new resistant varieties. This will help to achieve a reasonable distribution of varieties, fundamentally control the outbreak of disease in sugarcane planting areas, and provide security for the high-quality development of sugarcane industry in China in the future.     

新疆沙冬青种子特性分析及萌发条件的优化选择

以生长在新疆乌恰县境内的新疆沙冬青种子为研究对象，进行了种子特性以及萌发条件优化选择的初步研究，结果表明：其果荚天然虫蛀率为63.67％，籽粒天然虫蛀率为25．16％，籽粒天然结实率为76．21％，籽粒的种径大小为长（6．232±0.14）mm，宽（4．917±0．25）mm，厚（1．609±0．1）mm，瘦籽率为3．15％，饱满种子千粒重为35．63g，瘦籽千粒重为18．36g。根据所测定的各处理的种子发芽率和种子发芽指数高低来优化选择最适宜的种子萌发条件，优化选择的结果：种子播种深度为2cm、土壤含水量为20％、温度与光照条件为30℃／10℃．14h／10h。     

用于PCR分析的小麦种子DNA微量快速提取

探索了不用液氮从小麦单粒、半粒有胚和半粒无胚中提取DNA的方法。结果表明，无论是单粒、半粒有胚和半粒无胚都能得到比较理想的DNA，DNA样品经SCAR-PCR特异标记检测，都能扩增出两条完全相同的特异务带。用无胚的半粒进行分子标记检测特别适合于对大批量早代材料目的基因的筛选。     

作物产量“三合结构”定量表达及高产分析

针对目前作物产量水平长期徘徊难以突破，产量分析理论缺乏量化指标体系，可操作指导作用小等问题，依据“三合结构”模式二级结构层各因素的关系，建立了“三合结构”定量表达式，并通过田间试验与模型模拟相结合的方法，对春玉米、夏玉米、水稻和冬小麦高产实例进行定量化分析，明确了限制产量进一步提高的关键因素，提出了高产突破的可能方向。结果表明，提高叶片平均净同化率（MNAR），改善群体的物质生产能力，是水稻产量进一步提升的关键；适当提高平均叶面积指数（MLAI）或经济系数（HI）可能会进一步增加冬小麦产量；春玉米籽粒产量主要伴随着MLAI和单位面积穗数（EN）的增加而提高，其实质是平均作物生长率（MCGR）的提高增加了单位面积上总粒数（TGN）。进一步研究确定了“三合结构”定量表达式参数间的函数关系式，通过公式代换可推导出某一参数与目标参数的函数关系。作物产量“三合结构”定量表达式的建立为作物群体定量化研究提供了新的思路和方法，有助于全面掌握群体参数变化与产量形成的定量关系，为指导作物生产进行有效的技术调控提供依据。     

辽宁葡萄市场销售分析

根据辽宁省鲜食葡萄市场流向,将鲜食葡萄销售大致划分为3个区域。并针对鲜食葡萄如何走向国际市场提出了几点建议。     

Mechanical Performance and Thermology Performance of 20CrMo Steel at High Temperature

Employing the Gleeble-1500D thermal analogue machine and the STA449 synthesis thermal analyzer,the study on hot ductility and parts of thermology performance of 20CrMo steel has been carried out , many consulted foundation data has been obtained, the optimum ductility temperature arrange has been found, contraction of cross sectional area is only 30% between 600 degree and 775 degree, but contraction of cross sectional area is more than 80% between 800 degree and 1 250 degree, contraction of cross sectional area drops to under 60% rapidly between 1 350 degree and melting point,a curve is drawn showing the relationshi Pbetween heat capacity and the variation of temperature for the first time, the counting formulas of the heat capacity are regressed by disjunction. A curve is drawn showing the relationshi Pbetween the coefficient of thermal expansion and the variation of temperature, and their application in continuous casting is discussed herein.     

鸡胚蛋方便食品加工工艺

对鸡胚蛋方便食品关键加工工艺进行了研究.试验结果表明,清洗后的鸡胚蛋在沸水中预煮8 min后,去除蛋壳并在盐水中漂洗5 min,在熬制好的卤汤中煮制30 min后捞出,再在160～190℃热油中炸制150 s,冷却后进行真空包装杀菌.     

Enlightenment from Chaos Theory for Urban Planning: Seeking Order out of Chaos

As a new discipline, Chaos theory was ushered in the revolution in physics of the 20th century, which is of jistoric significance. Chaos theory is concerned with the objects in our tangible world (macro world) with the measure of human beings. In this paper, a brief analysis of chaos theory and fractals is given and then the enlightenment and new perspective for urban planning from chaos and chaos theory are illustrated. The author hopes that!this paper could draw the concerns of designers regarding the application of chaos in urban planning.     

玉米细胞质雄性不育系JnA的分组鉴定及利用

首先对玉米细胞质雄性不育系JnA进行小斑病菌接种鉴定,同时对其花药、花粉形态观察,通过恢保关系鉴定,F2育性分离观察及F1花粉碘液染色镜检,初步确定JnA属于S组细胞质雄性不育。从JnA×恢313的F2出现少量不育株和半恢株的情况看,JnA的不育性的恢复既受主基因控制,又受微效多基因作用。细胞学显微观察发现JnA的败育时期发生在单核晚期至二核花粉期,败育发生与绒毡层解体异常有关。同时对JnA在生产上利用的可行性作了初步研究。     

异源八倍体小黑麦新品种(系)的丰产稳产性研究

应用高稳系数法和常规分析方法对1998~2000年贵州省八倍体小黑麦区域试验的7个参试新品种(系)在贵州不同海拔高度、不同气候生态环境和栽培管理条件下的丰产稳产性、适应性进行比较、分析。试验结果表明,中国农科院提供的122、劲松75、劲松77、劲松76和贵州省农科院提供的黔中7号平均产量在182.8~206.24kg/667m2之间,比劲松49(ck)增产7.76%~21.58%;其中,黔中7号已于2006年通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定。目前,该品种已在贵州省15个县、区以及生态相似的西南、西北等省、区试种和大面积推广应用;122、劲松75、劲松77等品种(系)已在我国西北、西南、新疆、内蒙等省、区作为饲料和粮食兼用型品种(系)应用于生产。研究表明,高稳系数法和常规分析两种方法结合应用能更准确反映八倍体小黑麦新品种(系)的丰产稳产性。